What is an example of a logical fallacy?

The choice indicating "Ad hominem attacks in arguments" is considered an example of a logical fallacy because it involves attacking the character or personal traits of the individual making an argument rather than addressing the substance of the argument itself. This distracts from the relevant issues being debated and undermines rational discourse. Logical fallacies, such as ad hominem, detract from argument validity because they do not provide legitimate reasoning but rather divert attention to personal matters.

This contrasts sharply with other options, which represent rational approaches to reasoning and argumentation. Statistical inference is a method used to derive conclusions from data, deductive reasoning is a logical process that derives specific conclusions from general premises, and supportive evidence contributes to strengthening arguments in a rational discussion. Each of these approaches exemplifies sound reasoning practices, while the ad hominem attack exemplifies an error in logical reasoning.